Objective: the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of team image in fan’ s team identification in Iran’ s sport industry via structural equation modeling. Methodology: The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the study included all fans over 18 years old in the Premier League in 2015/16 season. 640 questionnaires were analyzed as statistical sample. Heer and et al (2011), questionnaire and Chun (2008), questionnaire, to measure team identification and team image were used respectively. After confirming the face and content validity of questionnaires, For the reliability of team identification and team image questionnaires Cronbach’ s alpha coefficient (α =. 93; α =. 81) were estimated respectively in a pilot study. Results: Structural equation model analysis showed that team image has positive and significant effect on fans’ team identification. Conclusion: So, It is recommended to sport managers, to consider the issues such as appreciate the fans and fair play to creating a positive team image in the mind of fans in order to create and enhance the team identification.

In this paper, an alternative approach in operational modal analysis is presented, utilizing image processing technique and transmissibility functions. Imaging sensors do not impose additional mass on the structure due to their non-contact nature, while transmissibility functions, independent of excitation type, can directly extract mode shapes. The innovation of this research lies in combining these two techniques to record dynamic responses and identify modal properties. To capture the temporal response history from video signals, the block-matching method with sub-pixel accuracy was employed. Validation was conducted by recording the response of the tip of a cantilevered steel beam subjected to impact excitation, using a high-speed camera and a laser vibrometer, simultaneously. The RMSE plots in the time domain and the PSD in the frequency domain indicate high accuracy of this method. Using this approach, the displacement time histories of various points on the structure were extracted from the video signals, and the modal properties, including natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes, were identified using the transmissibility matrix method. The results obtained from the proposed method were compared with the stochastic subspace identification (SSI) method and analytical solutions. The findings reveal the accuracy of the modal identification approach introduced in this article. The highest relative error in estimating the natural frequencies of the first and second modes, compared to the values from the laser method, are 0.19% and 0.13%, respectively, and in comparison to the analytical values, they are 0.34% and 1.5%, respectively.

Identifying the constraining factors of production and yield gap is very important. Therefore; this research was performed to identify the production constraining factors of local rice cultivars. All management practices from nursery preparation to harvesting stages for 100 paddy fields of local rice cultivars were recorded through field studies, in Sari, from 2015-2016. In the CPA, the actual and calculated potential yield were 4495 and 5703 kg/ha, respectively and the gap was 1221 kg/ha. The yield gap caused by number of top-dressing variables was 324 kg/ha, equal to 27% of the total yield gap. The yield gap related to previous year of legumes cultivation was 218 kg ha-1, equal to 18% of the total yield variation. Among the 10 variables entered in the CPA model, the effects of top-dress fertilizer application and its application frequency and foliar application were remarkable, which could compensate a significant part of the yield gap (444 kg/ha, 37% of total) in the farmers’ fields by managing these variables. According to boundary line analysis (BLA) finding, actual yield mean on the basis of optimal limit related to 12 variables under study was 5369 kg/ha, with 881 kg/ha yield gap . Mean relative yield and relative yield gap for 12 variables (transplanting date, seedling age, number of seedlings per hill, planting density, nitrogen and phosphorous per hectare, nitrogen before transplanting, harvesting date, lodging problem, pest problem, diseases problem and weeds problem) were 83.64 and 16.35 kg/ha, respectively. Based on the finding, it can be stated that the model precision is appropriate and can be applied for both estimation of the quantity of yield gap and determining the portion of each restricting yield variables.

The purpose of the study was to describe the current situation, as well as, to develop standards in relation to sport talen identification in the area of team handball for men in the IR.IRAN. To collect the necessary data, a researcher made questionnaire was developed. The face and content validities of this instrument were approved by specialists and its average reliability was calculated to be.734 with Cronbach's technique. A selected sample of 105 top male Handball trainers of the country participated in the study. RESULTS: 98.1% of the participants agreed that talent identification in team Handballl is "very much", or "much" important and that practically 67.6% of them actually practiced some kinds of it, however, the majority of them declared that their knowledge is less than average in talent identification techniques. The participants believed that the appropriate age for identifying talents in team handball was between the last two years of primary to the end of the junior high school and that the sport talent identification and development organization should be connected to the Ministry of Education (74.7%). As a response to another question, 82,5% of the participants asserted that the current methods and activities in relation to handball talent identification were unsuccessful and the most hindering factors in this respect were unemployment of the qualified specialists, lack of the necessary tools and equipment and inappropriateness of the programs. In relation to identifying and ranking the most prominent factors in Handball talent identification, the participants suggested that the variables: "height" in the area of anthropomerty, "reaction time" in the area of general fitness, “ball reception" in the area of individual techniques, "drawer movements" in the area of individual tactics, "height - weight ratio" in the area of body composition, "self-confidence" in the area of psychological skills and "cooperation" in the area of social skills were the most influential in the formation of an elite team handball player.

Formation of fan-team identification can pay the way for development of sport team brands and reinforcing fan base and economic base of sport teams. The purpose of the current study was to provide a model from the formation process of fan-team identification among football fans in Iran. The research method was descriptive – survey and a practical one, and the data was collected by using a combination of Batacharia & Sen’ s distinction identity, similarity identity, and prestige identity survey, Ahearn et al’ s attractiveness identity, and Meal & Ashforth’ s fan-team identification survey. The research population consisted football fans in Iran and based on a pilot study a sample of (n=344) was selected through random sampling. The validity of questionnaire was verified by using comments of experts in sport management and the reliability of the total questionnaire was found to be 0, 86 according to Chronbach’ s alpha. The conceptual framework of the current study was a hypothesized model involved identity distinction, identity similarity, identity prestige, identity attractiveness, and fan-team identification. To measure the validity and fitness of the model, Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) has been applied. PLS and SPSS18 were used for data analysis. The results showed that among the four casual relationships, all directions except to the direction of similarity identity to attractiveness identity were verified.